主动形式表被动意义被动形式表示主动意义 1)主动形式表被动意义。 ①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。 This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。 These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。 My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door won’t lock.门锁不上。 The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 ②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。 2)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。 ①be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。 ②be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 3)被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如: The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构) 精典名题导解 选择填空 1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits. A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request 解析:答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的,因为说的是一条规定,所以用一般现在时,而visitor与request之间是动宾关系,即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢?不清楚,也不必知道,因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。 2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly. A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change 解析:答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事,因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况,而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态,不是在过去,也不是在将来,因此只能用现在进行时表达。 ![]() |